Guided Imagery for Anxiety Relief

Guided Imagery for Anxiety Relief Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Simple Steps to Start Practicing Guided Imagery for Anxiety Relief By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on September 30, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Kenji Lau / Getty Images Guided imagery for social anxiety involves the use of visualization techniques to help your body enter a relaxed state. In other words, you close your eyes and imagine the sights and sounds of a place that you find relaxing. Types of Guided Imagery Visualizations The most common visualization involves a tropical beach, warm sun, and soothing sounds of the ocean. If you find, however, that some other imagined scene is more appropriate for you, such as sitting in front of a roaring fire on a blustery night, by all means, make use of that setting. The type of scene is not important, what matters is that you imagine every sight, sound, and smell and transport yourself to that place. How Guided Imagery Can Help Social Anxiety Guided imagery can help with your anxiety by allowing you to manage negative emotions. In addition to the examples given above, it can also be used to visualize positive outcomes in various social and performance situations. Rather than imaging the worst, guided imagery gives you a chance to experience the best possible outcome before entering a situation. Examples of How Imagery Can Be Used for Anxiety A musician who has performance anxiety could use imagery to imagine overcoming anxiety to perform at a certain level.An athlete living with performance anxiety could visualize a competition and feelings of relaxation rather than anxiety.An actor with performance anxiety could visualize running through a scene full of confidence and without anxiety.A student with performance anxiety could visualize giving a presentation without anxiety.A socially anxious person could imagine going to a party and having a good experience. Example of a Guided Imagery Visualization In the following example of guided imagery for anxiety, the popular beach setting is used. If you choose to use a different setting, simply replace the details listed below with those relevant to the scenario you are using. Important: If you live with a medical condition, please consult with your doctor prior to beginning any type of relaxation training exercise. 1. Find a Quiet Place Free From Distractions Lie on the floor or recline in a chair. Loosen any tight clothing and remove glasses or contacts. Rest your hands in your lap or on the arms of the chair. Choose a time and place where you know you are not likely to be interrupted. 2. Take a Few Slow Even Breaths If you have not already, spend a few minutes practicing diaphragmatic breathing. Breathe deeply down into your diaphragm, similar to how you would do in a yoga class. This type of breathing will help you to relax even further. 3. When You Are Feeling Relaxed, Gently Close Your Eyes Picture yourself lying on a beautiful secluded beach. Picture soft white sand around you and crystal-clear waters with gentle waves that lap at the shore. Picture a cloudless sky above and palm trees swaying in the breeze behind you. Continue to keep your eyes closed and picture this beautiful tropical scene. 4. Breathe in and Smell the Scent of the Ocean and Tropical Flowers Notice the sound of the waves gently rolling onto shore and birds in the trees behind you. Feel the warm sand underneath you and the warm sun on your skin. Notice the taste of a refreshing tropical drink as you bring it to your mouth. Dont just picture the sceneâ€"touch it, taste it, and smell it as much as your imagination will allow. 5. Stay in This Scene for as Long as You Like Notice how relaxed and calm you feel. Enjoy the feeling of relaxation as it spreads throughout your entire body, from your head to your toes. Notice how far away you feel from anxiety and stress. Continue in this stage of the guided imagery process for as long as you like. You should gradually notice how calm and relaxed you feel. 6. When You Are Ready, Slowly Count Backward From 10 Open your eyes, feeling relaxed but alert. You have returned to your surroundings, but a calm state will have replaced any anxiety or worry that you originally felt. Now, work on translating this calmness into the rest of your day. Using Guided Imagery Recordings You might find it hard to practice guided imagery just using a written script like the one above. In addition to following these written instructions, you may consider using a voice recording, such as the free MP3 audio file offered by McMaster University with directions on practicing guided imagery. Use of an audio recording will allow you to fully relax and concentrate on the technique. You could also record yourself reading a guided imagery script that youve created yourself. A Word From Verywell Guided imagery is one form of relaxation training that you might find helpful for social anxiety. However, if your anxiety is severe and you have not received professional treatment such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication, it is important to contact your doctor or a mental health professional for diagnosis and a plan for getting better. While self-help methods can be used for mild to moderate anxiety, more severe anxiety often requires traditional treatment strategies. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Diseases Associated With Poverty Malaria - 1223 Words

Yujin Sung Barrett AP World History 24 March 2017 KC 6.1.3: Disease, scientific innovations, and conflict led to demographic shifts. Diseases associated with poverty: Malaria Malaria or other similar diseases like malaria has been recognized and encountered by humans for more than 4,000 years. Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium parasites, which enter the human body and are transmitted to people through the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite (QA, Malaria). Once the parasite enters the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. The malaria parasite was first discovered on November 6, 1880, by a French army surgeon named Charles Louis Al phonse Laveran. While stationed in†¦show more content†¦Also, human population movement from higher transmission areas jeopardizes reintroduction and resurgence in malaria-free regions, and in addition has undermined elimination works in the past. For that reason, it is important to understand the patterns of parasite dispersal in order to target control by pinpointing regions where the imported infections originate from and where they play a part in transmiss ion. Globalization aided in impacting human health by population mobility. The source of epidemics throughout history can be traced back to human migration (Saker). The effects of these epidemics have changed whole societies. International efforts to prevent the spreading of infections from one country to another have been focused on. Early diseases that spread between Asia and Europe included the bubonic plague, influenzas of various types, and other similar contagious diseases. The world is more interdependent and connected than ever in the era of globalization. This is because inexpensive and efficient transportation allows access to almost everywhere and the increase of global trade of agricultural products brought an increasing number of people into contact with animal disease. Trade routes had long been established between Europe and Asia along which diseases were unintentionally transmitted. The management of malaria is a global role (Carter). Global institutions support theShow Mo reRelatedWhat Lies Within1401 Words   |  6 PagesMalaria According to the ONE CAMPAIGN approximately 219 people live in the world with malaria and 90% of those who died from malaria are from sub-Saharan Africa. There are many important risk factors that are highly associated with malaria. 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The Top Secret Truth on Writing for College Uncovered

The Top Secret Truth on Writing for College Uncovered The Benefits of Writing for College Aside from freshmen, there are particular college essays which will pose lots of problem for students. Also, it's worthy to bear in mind that in college, most students pick up part-time jobs while some get involved in collegiate sports and other extracurricular pursuits. Among the things you are soon going to notice as a new college student is the way much you've got to write. Deficiency of resources A typical college student doesn't have the necessary academic resources required to compose an essay. Internships will be able to help you affirm your writing skill level or demonstrate where you require improvement, Reynolds explained. Students don't teach their very first calendar year, which enables them to put all that energy into writing. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. They can do the same thing, but it's a long process. Nowadays you know which factors reflect the attribute of your college paper. Reread your paper's principal point and support paragraphs to determine whether any extra facts are required to help your paper. There are a couple of points, which can help you to recognize a business to keep away from. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Several new businesses and writing websites show up on the internet offering their assistance. Your web designer can create buttons, but you are going to want to allow them to understand what you want to have that button to say. Our site provides custom writing help and editing aid. Our site is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. The biggest struggle students have a tendency to have is paying the out-of-pocket costs which aren't covered by financial aid. Whether you wish to begin your own freelance blog or invention business, you can't deny that social media is a central tool in promoting your business enterprise. If you prefer the topic of your research, the procedure for writing will go significantly simpler. The very first step to solving a challenge is to get other people to listen. Essays must not be overly long. Poetry courses require a minimum of five poems to be considered, whilst fiction courses require a minumum of one short story. In order to create phrases that are punctuated correctly, the author should stick to a few easy guidelines. The same is true for top essay writers. Producing the essay is simply the exact first component. Editing is a rather important portion of the writing process. Writing an incredible college admission essay is simpler than you believe! College paper is a sort of academic assignment where you must prepare a synopsis of a particular subject, analyze a selected topic and consistently express your ideas and arguments. When you are in possession of a particular topic to research, speak to the librarian or research assistant to learn about scholarly journals or books he or she recommends on the matter. All students are entitled to submit essays. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. By consciously selecting a way to approach your reading, you can start the very first step of exam preparation or essay writing. Writing an outline can help you to identify supporting points or flesh out your ideas, will enable you to organize your thoughts, and will allow you to recognize early in the writing process should you need to make significant modifications or do more research on a certain idea. A small planning in the beginning ca n let you organize your paragraphs appropriately to be able to accomplish the overall function of the paper.

Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory Free Essays

string(209) " Mentoring and Storytelling to transfer knowledge in the Workplace† explains that the knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred informally through processes of colonization and naturalization\." The storytelling approach towards the knowledge sharing is explored in detail. The story telling can be used to elicit tacit knowledge and can be used to flow the knowledge about previous events in the organization and any other work related knowledge in an interesting and effective manner. Since emotions are attached to the stories, they narrate the much value to the listeners and the listeners tend to keep what they have heard. We will write a custom essay sample on Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this sense, organization memory is created by the anecdotes of the stories being told. The lessons learnt from the past experiences are label to the employees working now. It is also studied the negative stories have much impact on the listeners. The story telling has the potential to capture tacit knowledge and how it is done in the context of IBM is explained. Moreover, the story telling in the organizations can be enhanced by the use of IT tools like intranet, emails and other knowledge management systems which helps employees to create platform to share their stories and communicate the values of the organization. This values and the knowledge base of the organization helps to form the organization memory. Table of Contents Introduction Storytelling is one of the approaches towards knowledge capture and codification, the first phase of KM cycle. This is used to elicit tacit knowledge, towards creation of new knowledge and to organize the content in systematic manner. In knowledge capture phase, the distinction between the capture of existing knowledge and the creation of new knowledge has to be made. Mostly, only existing knowledge is set into the pattern, which only forms the explicit knowledge. There is huge pool of knowledge, which needs to be captured towards generating the new knowledge and that knowledge is mostly tacit in nature, which resides within the heads of knower. Every organization also has a memory. The embodiment of the organizational memory is the experience of its employees, tangible data and knowledge stores in the organization (Walsh and Unison, 1991). The value of knowledge is increased when it is transferred otherwise the uncultured knowledge is devalued and ignored with time. In today’s fast-paced economy, an organization’s knowledge base is quickly becoming its only sustainable competitive advantage. This competitive advantage is owned by utilizing the organizational knowledge, the individual skills, thoughts and ideas. So Tacit knowledge management is must to capture the experience and expertise of the individual in an organization and making it available to anyone who needs it. Once the tacit knowledge becomes explicit, it needs to be organized in a structured document that will enable multipurpose use. The KM tools help to create knowledge and then leverage it across multiple channels, including phone, email, discussion forums, Internet and any new channel that come online. Story telling is one of the best KM tools to capture tacit knowledge. Organizational story can be defined as past management actions, employee interactions or other key events that have occurred and that have been communicated informally (Swap et al, 2001). The stories provide a rich context making it interesting for the listeners and also remains in the conscious memory longer. Stories reinforce organizational learning and communicate common values. The core capabilities of an organization are built by critical skills of employees, management systems and organizational values. This capability can be transferred in formal and explicit way. However much knowledge articulacy knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred internally through processes of colonization and initialization. Story telling is one such transfer mechanisms that can leverage the tacit knowledge of the organization. Literature Review The use of the stories and storytelling may provide a powerful practice as a part of efforts by individuals, groups or organizations to share what they know. It breaks away from the traditional means of communication and adds new dimension to the knowledge management tools. Deeding, in his article â€Å"Telling Tales† tries to convey hat the age-old practice of storytelling is an effective method to be used as knowledge management tools but the stories told should match the situation and conditions in the organization. Storyteller as a leader should influence the listeners and the story should have enough detail to be intelligible and credible. Different narrative patterns like Sparking Action, Communicating who you are, Transmitting value, Fostering collaboration and Taming the grapevine can be used. Snowman’s article titled â€Å"The new simplicity-context, Narrative and Content† focuses on the need f knowledge management to go beyond the boundaries of using best practices into the realms of uncertainty. Since both the human behavior and system are complex, the cause and effect of the system and the interacting agents can’t be separated; the contextual stimulation is needed to capture the knowledge. The decision making pattern is important. Narrative is emerging as one of the most exciting approaches to knowledge management. It involves going and finding a person to ask questions whenever faced with the new task or encounter a problem and get context-sensitive answers. In short, stories allow the communication of complex ideas in a simple, memorable form. Karakul Shaffer B Kali in his research on â€Å"Transfer knowledge Using Stories: A Malaysian University Case Study † attempts to explore the usage of knowledge-embedded stories in a Malaysian institute of higher learning and will consider the understanding of organization members concerning storytelling in the organization. It provides insights on the culture of storytelling as a method of knowledge transfer medium and explores the practicality of using stories in the organization and the employee’s perception of the usage of stories to transfer knowledge. This case reveals that story telling is regarded as an acceptable approach in knowledge transfer. Mostly gathering sessions in the university stimulated storytelling. The case also presented the factors that influence the KM storytelling. The factors are an extension of the existing knowledge transfer factors mentioned in literatures, which do influence KM storytelling. Walter Swap, Dorothy Leonard, Mimi Shields and Lisa Abram in their research â€Å"Using Mentoring and Storytelling to transfer knowledge in the Workplace† explains that the knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred informally through processes of colonization and naturalization. You read "Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory" in category "Papers" They have focuses on two transfer mechanisms mentoring and storytelling. Most stories told informally in organizations are negative. Therefore managers interested in how knowledge accrues in the organization cannot ignore these important transmitters. Stories that dramatist or illustrate managerial systems, values, norms are more likely to be believed and acted upon than mere statements of policies and norms. Finally, the use of information technologies can enhance the story telling. The effect of verbal storytelling can be enhanced through the use of multimedia. Consistent with the elaboration effect, seeing and hearing the storyteller can add weight and detail to the story as can visual about the environment in which the story occurred. Story-telling-a technique to capture tacit knowledge In KM, the knowledge capture and creation may be done by the individuals who work for the organization or a group within that organization, by all members of a community of practice (COP), or by a dedicated COP individual. So the creation, capture and the codification of the information is done at the personal level while performing activities at Job. Within the firm, individuals share perceptions and Jointly interpret information events and experiences (Cohen and Leviathan, 1990) and at some point, knowledge acquisition extends beyond the individuals and is coded into corporate memory (Napkin, 1995; Spencer, 1996; Monika and Takeouts, 1995). Unless knowledge is embedded into corporate memory, the firm cannot leverage the knowledge held by individual members of the organization. Knowledge acquisition from individuals or groups can be characterized as the transfer and transformation of valuable expertise from a knowledge source (human expert, documents) to a knowledge repository (organizational memory, facts and rules). Explicit knowledge is already well described but we need to abstract and summarize this content. Tacit knowledge capturing needs various techniques of which story telling is the one. Stories involve the detailed narrative of management actions and decision-making styles, employee activities and interaction and other events within the division that are communicated informally within the organization. A story can be defined as telling of a happening or a connected series of happenings whether true or fictitious (Deeding, 2001). This involved the group interaction and collaboration for story telling. The SEC’ model developed by Knock and Takeouts also supports that story telling or narratives can be used to bring out tacit knowledge. Fig 1 :SEC Model by Monika and Takeouts Here, colonization process is involve which emphasizes the tacit knowledge exchange through Joint activities such as gathering, spending time together, informal talks and living and working in the same environment rather than through written or verbal instructions. The process of transferring one’s ideas or images directly to colleagues or subordinates means to share personal knowledge and create commonplace or Baa. During extrapolation process, an individual commits to the group and thus becomes one with the group. The individuals’ intentions and ideas merge and become integrated with the group’s mental world. This involves the expressing of ideas or images as communicable manner such as metaphors, analogies, event description or narratives. A number of conditions must be in place, however, in order to ensure that storytelling in its various enacted forms creates value in a particular organization. Sole and Wilson (2002) argue that although all stories are narratives, not all narratives are good knowledge-sharing stories. As an example, they cite movies, which tell stories designed primarily to entertain and therefore need not necessarily be authentic-?or even believable. In contrast, in organizational storytelling, stories are often used to promote knowledge sharing, inform, and/or prompt a change in behavior, as well as communicate the organizational culture and create a sense of belonging. In order to achieve these organizational objectives, knowledge-sharing stories need to be authentic, believable, and compelling. Stories need to evoke some type of response, and, above all, they need to be concise Deeding, 2001), so that the moral of the story or the organizational lesson to be learned can be easily understood, remembered, and acted upon. In other words, organizational stories should have an impact: they should prevent similar mistakes from being repeated, or they should promote organizational learning and adoption of best practices stemming from the collective organizational memory. Deeding (2001) describes the power of a springboard story, knowledge that has been captured in the form of a brief story that has the ability to create a strong impact on its audience. He outlines a number of key elements required to use stories to encapsulate valuable knowledge, such as: The explicit story should be relatively brief and detailed Just enough that the audience can understand it. The story must be intelligible to the specific audience so that they are â€Å"hooked. The story should be inherently interesting. The story should spring the listener to a new level of understanding. The story should have a happy ending. The story should embody the change message. The change message should be implicit. The listeners should be encouraged to identify with the protagonist. The story should ell with a specific individual or organization. The protagonist should be prototypical of the organization’s main business. Other things being equal, true is better than invented. One should test, test, and test again Story telling and KM processes involved in context of MM. IBM has leverage on the power of story telling at the daily work place to enhance the employees’ performance. IBM has a four-stage storytelling approach. 1 . Anecdotal elicitation through interviews, observation and story circles 2. Anecdotal deconstruction to analyses cultural issues, ways of working, values, rules and beliefs to lied the story’s key messages 3. Intervention / communication design with a story constructed or enhanced 4. Story deployment Story telling workshops can be run to elicit the knowledge and cultural values of an organization as well as both its best and inhibitors to sharing and identifies business issues. Values, rules and beliefs of organization were identified. Storytelling provides the platform to the employees to share experiences and build social capital and networks and most importantly it achieves agreement among the participants The knowledge management framework developed by Olivia and Lieder (2001 a) is based n the view of organizations as â€Å"knowledge systems†. According to this view, organization consists of four knowledge processes Creation Storage / Retrieval Transfer Application Here in case of MM, knowledge creation process takes place by the creation of anecdotes, which are captured as tacit knowledge, and they are stored in a repository and aligned with communities, processes and subject areas. This shows the knowledge storage process. Then the knowledge transfer takes place through support discussion forums (lunch and learn), databases, intellectual capital, management systems (training), document management systems, bulletin boards, inline chats, portals (community kick-off days) and intranets. Ultimately, the people who make communities do the knowledge application process. The effective communities have valuable stories. Practice of dedicated Story Telling Sessions The practice of dedicated story telling sessions in some organizations have proved the increased level of knowledge exchange among employees. For example, NASA, Deducted and Malaysian university have Km initiative in form of story telling sessions. The ITEMS (Information Services and Media Services) Department has its own storytelling sessions. There are two storytelling session ITEMS Sharing Session- It involves the staffs from whole ITEMS department and it is conducted once a week to share the stories on the problems encountered and the solutions. Toolbox Session-alt only involves the units in ITEMS department. It gathers the support unit employees to share their stories on the problems raised. They have one program to stimulate KM storytelling called Buddy program. In Buddy program, two employees from different department are paired together to work as a single department. Junior staff is paired with senior academic acting as mentor. Conclusion Stories are powerful conveyors of meaning and tacit knowledge and been in use from ancient times. It helps to share knowledge with context and emotion. It triggers the listeners to respond with other stories building new understanding. Stories can capture and hold the attention increasing the likelihood of hearing and listening. Story telling is very valuable in story telling network. Any organization has a set of its memories embedded from the time of its inception. These memories are the skills and knowledge of its employees while in an organization over the years of operation. So, the organizational memory has its role on forming the knowledge base of the organization. Employees can use the organization memory to learn and improve the effectiveness of their work. Employee’s knowledge can be stored and then information and knowledge can be shared by KM. Organizational memory is one of intangible assets of one organization; it stores past experiences and knowledge, supports organization strategy and improves organization effectiveness. Accordingly, it is important to establishment and development of organizational memory for KM. Organizational culture can be stored by story, and it is one of retention facilities of organizational memory. The idea, spirit, and culture of organizations can be passed down by storytelling. Through storytelling, organization members emotionally connect to their organization and then identify their organization. Storytelling can store organizational culture, convey experience and knowledge, and improve acquisition, retention, and maintenance of process of organizational memory management. Organization value and spirit can be conveyed effectively by storytelling. How to cite Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory, Papers

SansCulotte Essays - French Revolution, Clothing, Albert Soboul

SansCulotte "Power within the Paris sections of 1792-94 - its social composition, dynamics, and ideology -."(1) That is what was explored in the book The Sans-Culotte. Albert Soboul describes and outlines the composition and activities of the different sections in Paris during Revolutionary France. Soboul describes the activities of these sections as a "popular movement" by the people of Paris. He explains how the people of Paris united to form different sectional assemblies with their main goal being to improve the lives of the middle and lower class individuals in not only Paris, but France in its entirety. In The Sans-Culottes, Soboul explains in great detail the different ways these sections influenced law making and tried to gain equal rights for all. In addition to describing the political activity of the sans-culottes and the other sections, Soboul also explains some of the military activities and movements of these sections during the revolution. Soboul's book has always been thought as the main authority on the sections in Paris, but in the early 1980's, a critique was written on The Sans-Culottes and many things were found to be wrong with the book. In the critical evaluation of Albert Soboul's The Sans-Culottes a full critique of the book takes place and many problems with the book are pointed out. The problems or shortcomings discussed in the critical evaluation range from a lack of description of the sans-culottes and other sections in Paris and errors in explaining what type of people constituted the membership of the sections, to a lack in a wide range of quality sources. The two problems in The Sans-Culottes that will be discussed in this essay are the lack of quality sources and the lack of description of the sections and who constituted them. The lack of description of the sections in Paris is a major blemish with the book. The critique points out that Soboul lumps all of the sections of Paris together when describing them. He fails to separate them into exactly what they are: sections. It is true that there were movements made to try and unite all the sections, but this never becomes a reality so distinction between sections should be shown. Soboul makes no distinctions "between ?quartiers' and sections," and "between socio-economic geographies and local politics."(2) "Soboul's history of the sections from June, 1793 to sid-July, 1794 described them horizontally, en masse...."(3) This lumping together of the sections leads one to the false conclusion that sections were all one entity, but they were not; they were very much seperate. Soboul also leads the reader to incorrect conclusions by calling the sections and sans-culottes a "popular movement." He frequently makes this statement. Soboul describes many changes in the policy of the sections that allow the lower class to join the assemblies. A quote used by Soboul by Hanriot states, "?For a long time, the rich made the laws, it is about time the poor made some laws themselves and that equality should reign between the rich and the poor.'"(4) This leads the reader to believe that everyone was involved actively in the sections and that anyone could become leaders of a sectional assembly, but this was not the case. The lower class, or plebeians, did very little except for what the leaders let them or told them to do. As written in the critique: "Their [plebeians] pressures were selectively channeled into politics by the ?sans-culotte' leadership.... During the ?regeneration' battles of the spring and summer of 1793 by which ?sans-culottes' won official sectionary power, plebeians appeared forcefully in the general assemblies - not as atomistic individual voters, but as groups of workers mobilized by their ?sans-culotte' employers for temporary muscle when ballots were to be cast by fists and feet."(5) This quote shows that the lower class, or plebeians, were merely ponds for the sans-culottes. They were permitted to vote when the leaders felt the votes cast by the plebeians were necessary to achieve victory. The view one gets from the critique is totally contradictory to that of Soboul's book. The generalization Soboul used when describing the members of the sections can also lead to confusion on the readers part. Soboul repeatedly describes members as being part of a certain

Free Essays on The Crucible “Stifled Hero“

Stifled Hero Everyday we are faced with countless tests of mettle or courage whether we realize it or not. From the kindergartener who will not to eat sand, the teenage girl who demands to keep her virginity, or the lawyer who refuses to forge a legal document, their decision (and the consequences) will remain with them forever. Martyrs face the ultimate test of mettle and die for their beliefs, while others gain a sense of accomplishment, pride and self-respect. Those who do not pass the test of mettle, however, may stand to lose a part of themselves in the process. In Arthur Miller’s 1960s play, The Crucible, Mary Warren underwent one of the most significant tests of mettle when her employer, John Proctor, sent her to the court to confess that she was lying about discovering witchcraft in Salem. Her confession would prove that the witch trials are a fraud and would prove Goody Proctor’s innocence. Although her new role in society pleases her, she realizes that innocent people los t their lives because of her act and she wants to reconcile her sins. By confessing to Judge Danforth, Mary Warren risks jeopardizing her reputation to save the lives of those people whom she condemned. She also has to stand up to her friends who will also be affected by her sudden fit of conscience. Her claim will especially affect Abigail whom Mary claims saw her stick a needle into the poppet that she made for Goody Proctor and faked evidence. Mary seems fearless and committed when Danforth threatens her about her lie: â€Å"I will tell you this- either you are lying now or you were lying in the courts, and in either case you have committed perjury and you will go to jail for it† (Miller 94). Still struggling with her test of courage, Mary replies, â€Å"I cannot lie no more† (Miller 94). But Mary Warren does not endure her â€Å"crucible† once Abigail accuses her of witchcraft, she becomes fully aware of the fact that she could go to jail or die and h... Free Essays on The Crucible â€Å"Stifled Heroâ€Å" Free Essays on The Crucible â€Å"Stifled Heroâ€Å" Stifled Hero Everyday we are faced with countless tests of mettle or courage whether we realize it or not. From the kindergartener who will not to eat sand, the teenage girl who demands to keep her virginity, or the lawyer who refuses to forge a legal document, their decision (and the consequences) will remain with them forever. Martyrs face the ultimate test of mettle and die for their beliefs, while others gain a sense of accomplishment, pride and self-respect. Those who do not pass the test of mettle, however, may stand to lose a part of themselves in the process. In Arthur Miller’s 1960s play, The Crucible, Mary Warren underwent one of the most significant tests of mettle when her employer, John Proctor, sent her to the court to confess that she was lying about discovering witchcraft in Salem. Her confession would prove that the witch trials are a fraud and would prove Goody Proctor’s innocence. Although her new role in society pleases her, she realizes that innocent people los t their lives because of her act and she wants to reconcile her sins. By confessing to Judge Danforth, Mary Warren risks jeopardizing her reputation to save the lives of those people whom she condemned. She also has to stand up to her friends who will also be affected by her sudden fit of conscience. Her claim will especially affect Abigail whom Mary claims saw her stick a needle into the poppet that she made for Goody Proctor and faked evidence. Mary seems fearless and committed when Danforth threatens her about her lie: â€Å"I will tell you this- either you are lying now or you were lying in the courts, and in either case you have committed perjury and you will go to jail for it† (Miller 94). Still struggling with her test of courage, Mary replies, â€Å"I cannot lie no more† (Miller 94). But Mary Warren does not endure her â€Å"crucible† once Abigail accuses her of witchcraft, she becomes fully aware of the fact that she could go to jail or die and h...

Apposition Definitions and Examples

Apposition Definitions and Examples Apposition is the placement side-by-side of two coordinate elements (usually noun phrases), the second of which serves to identify or rename the first. Adjective: appositional. In his study of Apposition in Contemporary English (1992), Charles F. Meyer observes that the relation of apposition is realized by a variety of syntactic forms, noun phrases predominantly but other syntactic forms as well. Although these forms can have a full range of syntactic functions, they most commonly have two: subject and object (p. 10).   Etymology: From the Latin, to put nearExamples and Observations: Gussie, a glutton for punishment, stared at himself in the mirror.(P.G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves, 1934)The sidewalk just outside the Casino was strewn with discarded tickets, the chaff of wasted hope.(Jonathan Lethem, Motherless Brooklyn. Doubleday, 1999)Miniver Cheevy, child of scorn,grew lean while he assailed the seasons.(E.A. Robinson, Miniver Cheevy)The undistinguished example that fronts the Duke of Wellington pub is serviced by the pigeon man, an elderly stooped figure entirely in brown: from his flat cap, through his greasy raincoat, to his worn shoes, he is the color of Daddies Own sauce scraped from a formica table.(Iain Sinclair, Lights Out for the Territory. Granta Books, 1997)This was not Aunt Dahlia, my good and kindly aunt, but my Aunt Agatha, the one who chews broken bottles and kills rats with her teeth.(P.G. Wodehouse)This is a valley of ashesa fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of ho uses and chimneys and rising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of ash-grey men, who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air.(F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 1925) It was a bleak period of present privation and threatening disasterthe period of soya beans and Basic Englishand in consequence the book is infused with a kind of gluttony, for food and wine, for the splendors of the recent past, and for rhetorical and ornamental language, which now with a full stomach I find distasteful.(Evelyn Waugh in 1959 on his wartime novel Brideshead Revisited)The sentencethe dread sentence of deathwas the last of distinct accentuation which reached my ears.(Edgar Allan Poe, The Pit and the Pendulum, 1842)Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins.(Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita) Syntactic Characteristics of Apposition Syntactically, apposition is most commonly a relation between two juxtaposed noun phrases having a syntactic function (such as direct object) promoting end-weight.Although units in apposition can have a variety of different syntactic forms, the majority of appositions in the corpora (66 percent) consisted of units that were noun phrases. (1) Desegregation is beginning in two more important Southern citiesDallas and Atlanta. (Brown B09 850-860) Because appositions are syntactically heavy constructions, most (65 percent) had functions that promote end-weight, most commonly direct object (example 2) or object of preposition (example 3). (2) A plug and a tube with holes in its cylindrical walls divided the chamber above the porous plug into two parts. This arrangement had the purpose to prevent heated gas to reach the thermocouple by natural convection. (Brown J02 900-30)(3) The heart is suspended in a special portion of the coelom, the pericardium, whose walls are supported by cartilage. (SEU W.9.7.91-1) . . . [M]ost appositions (89 percent) were juxtaposed. . . . Even though more than two units can be in apposition, most appositions (92 percent) were single appositions consisting of only two units.(Charles F. Meyer, Apposition in Contemporary English. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992) An Interrupter Although the appositive does not disturb the natural flow of the sentence as violently as parenthetical expressions do (mainly because the appositive is grammatically coordinate with the unit that it follows), it does interrupt the flow of the sentence, interrupts the flow to supply some gratuitous information or explanation.(Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, Oxford Univ. Press, 1999) Appositive Exercises: Practice in Identifying AppositivesSentence Building with Appositives