Cancer The Disease

Question: Depict the determination and arranging of disease. Portray in any event three inconveniences of malignant growth, the symptoms of treatment, and techniques to reduce physical and mental impacts. Answer: Today, a large number of individuals over the world try to have a progressively extensive, all encompassing and integrative way to deal with medication and social insurance that is perpetually touchy to their requirements as a person. This especially remains constant for malignant growth patients. With the changing patient socioeconomics and expanded customer requests, there is an increased need just as the use of correlative and elective medication items and medicines for relieving disease which has energized the rising fields of oncology and integrative medication to give a superior way to deal with malignancy care. The current paper talks about the essentials of malignant growth and determination, arranging and way to deal with care of disease. Malignant growth: The Disease Malignant growth is a classification of ailment that ordinarily incorporates cell development that is wild in nature. There are in excess of 100 kinds of malignant growth analyzed till now and every one of them is characterized by the at first influenced cell type (Tang, 2012). Malignancy harms the body by wildly separating the cells to shape masses or chunks of tissues known as tumors, with the exception of if there should be an occurrence of leukemia or blood disease where there is a disallowance of ordinary blood working as cells strangely isolate and develop in the circulatory system because of malignant growth (Tang, 2012). Tumors develop at a shifted speed and meddle with the typical physiological capacities, for example, absorption, flow, sensory system related capacities. Indeed, even the tumors discharge destructive synthetic compounds that change the typical body capacities (Rakoff-Nahoum, 2006). At the point when the tumors are seen in a solitary place and exhibit constrai ned development then they are known as kindhearted tumors while in those situations where the carcinogenic cells move all through the body with the assistance of blood or lymphatic frameworks, harming solid cells, at that point the condition is known as threatening tumor. A harmful dangerous cell is equipped for separating and developing, making fresh blood vessels for taking care of and this procedure is known as angiogenesis (Grunfeld, 2006). The ordinary body cells are bound to follow a deliberate way of develop, partition and pass on in which apoptosis process helps in modified cell demise once its life is done. Be that as it may, this procedure is smothered in the event of disease where the unusual harmful cells just separation and develop and don't kick the bucket. Disease can be caused if an individual is in constant presentation to any cancer-causing agent, for example, tobacco, asbestos, x-beams and gamma radiations, arsenic, the sun and mixes found in vehicle exhaust vapor . A harmed or transformed DNA in an individual can restrain the elements of oncogene and tumor silencer quality that prompts uncontrolled cell development. Tumors are characterized into five general gatherings: Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma Leukemia and Adenoma (Holleb et al., 1991). Finding and Staging of Cancer The nearness of malignancy can principally be analyzed by looking the influenced tissue under magnifying lens. When the screening test shows any chance of malignant growth, biopsy is performed. Biopsy is a careful evacuation of the little bit of the tainted tissue for analyzing it infinitesimally (Holleb, fink and Murphy, 1991). This will tell the specialist whether any tumor is really present and on the off chance that present, at that point whether it is harmful or simply favorable. Tissue can be evacuated utilizing one of any three of strategies that are needle biopsy, endoscopy or careful biopsy. Careful biopsy incorporates excisional biopsy or incisional biopsy which individually includes expelling of the whole tumor or evacuation of only a bit of tissue from the influenced zone and afterward expelling the tumor promptly or in another activity, if the tumor is available (Bozzeti, 2010). When the tumor has been evacuated completely or incompletely, the following stage is to decide the forcefulness of the malignant growth or how quick it is developing to different pieces of the body. The unusual tissue is seen under the magnifying lens and the cells are searched for their all around separated nature or ineffectively separated nature from the typical cells of the tissue. On the off chance that the tumor cells appeared to be indistinguishable from ordinary cells, at that point they are all around separated and on the off chance that they don't take after to typical cells of a similar tissue, at that point the condition is undifferentiated cells. The inadequately separated cells or undifferentiated cells are progressively forceful in nature and they develop and spread quicker. When the analysis is made, the specialist begins the procedure to discover the degree of the malignant growth. This procedure is known as organizing (Shaffer, 2008). Organizing decides how far the malignancy has spread in the body. Any choice with respect to treatment of malignant growth is needy after arranging as it were. The four basic malignant growth stages are (becker, 1981): In situ/Stage 1: The stage is very early and disease has not spread in the bordering tissues. This stage conveys a decent forecast for complete treatment. Nearby/Stage 2: Cancer can be discovered uniquely in that organ where it has begun. Such a disease has great odds of fix or control. Territorial/Stage 3: There is a spread of disease to the lymph hubs and encompassing tissues. There is a chance of other organ to be tainted. Inaccessible/Stage 4: Cancer has spread to different tissues, organs and the entire body framework. The organizing procedure is completed by number of strategies, for example, MRI, ultrasound, CT or CAT filters, bone marrow biopsy and blood tests. When the arranging is done, the treatment starts. Treatment and Approach to Cancer Care The most regular treatment of disease is medical procedure. It is conceivable to totally fix a malignant growth persistent if the disease isn't metastasized on the grounds that it includes just expulsion of the tainted tissue, for instance if there should arise an occurrence of bosom or prostate or gonad malignant growth. Nonetheless on the off chance that the sickness is spread, at that point it is difficult to expel all the carcinogenic cells through medical procedure. Radiation treatment or radiotherapy is another methodology that crushes the malignant growth cells through radiations (gamma beams or high vitality x-beams) that are centered around disease cells. Radiotherapy can be utilized as an independent treatment to treat malignant growth by contracting a tumor or completely pulverizing disease cells, for instance if there should be an occurrence of leukemia and lymphoma, be that as it may, it is being utilized in mix with different treatments to fix disease (Gorin, 2010). Chemotherapy is another treatment that utilizes certain synthetic substances that meddle and restrain the procedure of cell division by harming their DNA with the goal that they can end it all (by improving their apoptosis). Typical cells are influenced in this procedure however they can recoup from the synthetic compounds in not many days yet the malignancy cells completely bite the dust. This treatment is exceptionally successful however happens in stages as the body gets introduction to hurtful synthetics so it needs an ideal opportunity to recuperate in the middle of the stages. There is a scope of reactions related with chemotherapy, for example, sickness and heaving, balding and weakness (Becker, 1981; Gorin, 2010). This treatment can be utilized in blend ways to deal with slaughter disease if there should be an occurrence of infamous cases. Immunotherapy, quality treatment and hormone treatment are three additional treatments used to treat malignant growth. Hormone treatment i s especially utilized if there should be an occurrence of bosom malignant growth and prostate disease by individually concentrating on decrease of levels of estrogen and level of testosterone by the utilization of tamoxifen, a typical medication (Campbell, 2002). Quality treatment works by supplanting the harmed qualities with those qualities that work for harming the DNA of malignant growth cells. Reciprocal treatments have symptoms which can be similarly difficult as the enduring of an illness. In this way, correlative treatments are added alongside traditional treatments to upgrade the degree of malignancy care and remedial result (Grunfeld, 2006). The utilization of an individual methodology for relieving a malignancy understanding aides in improving the patients personal satisfaction. Singular methodology takes help of naturopathic medication, torment the executives, sustenance and exercise, profound help and psyche body medication to fix and deal with a malignancy understanding. Nourishment treatment for instance, gives changed and restorative eating routine that altogether improves the body reaction towards the treatment and gigantically supports the resistant framework (Grunfeld, 2006). Naturopathic drugs utilize plant based enhancements of food and medication to assist body with mending itself normally. Delicate exercise can forestall any harm to cardiovascular wellbei ng, adaptability and bulk because of hurtful reactions of customary treatments and enables the patient to mend at fast rate (Grunfeld, 2006). End Malignancy has a fix if the sickness is opportune analyzed and organized. Traditional treatments and corresponding treatments are all around worked together and executed commonly in order to offer individual based multidimensional way to deal with care of malignancy. References Becker, T. M. (1981).Cancer Chemotherapy: a manual for medical caretakers. Minimal Brown GBR. Bozzetti, F. (2010). Nuts and bolts in clinical nourishment: dietary help in cancer.e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,5(3), e148-e152. Campbell, J. B. (2002). Bosom malignant growth race, ethnicity, and endurance: a writing review.Breast disease research and treatment,74(2), 187-192. Gorin, S. S. (2010). Hypothesis, estimation, and discussion in positive brain science, wellbeing brain research, and malignant growth: rudiments and next steps.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,39(1), 43-47. Grunfeld, E. (2006). Looking past endurance: how are we taking a gander at survivorship?.Journal of Clinical Oncology,24(32), 5166-5169. Holleb, A. I., Fink, D. J., Murphy, G. P. (Eds.). (1991).American Cancer Society course reading of clinical oncology. Amer Cancer Society. Rakoff-Nahoum, S. (2006). Disease Issue: Why Cancer and Inflammation?.The Yale diary of science and medicine,79(3-4), 123. Runnebaum, I. B. (1996). Essentials of malignant growth quality therapy.Anticancer research,17(4B), 2887-2890. Shaffer, E. A. (2008). Gallbladder disease: the basics.Gastroenterology hepatology,4(

The Medieval Education System

It appears to be clear that because of it's constrained access by means of social ranks just as it's common belief system once achieved, instruction before the 1800's assumed a restricted job throughout the entire existence of Education. From the talk based Greek time of Plato and Aristotle to frontier America, training was generally an elitist establishment that was unavailable to most and, in the event that one was so special as to achieve it, loaded with worn out, non-dynamic ceremony; in this manner having its effect apparent for the most part in history course books. In Greek occasions plainly evident training was restricted those with much available time as well as the way to pay for private guides. Because of this, most by far of the individuals who were instructed were among the little high society. Elitist â€Å"education† was to a great extent dependent on the capacity to talk and convince; an apparatus just really important to the individuals who were socially incredible. The later Roman instruction framework was, albeit hypothetically progressively available because of more schools, fundamentally the same as that of the Greeks. The individuals who were â€Å"truly educated† were knowledgeable in Latin and had the option to talk effectively. Be that as it may, when the Roman force framework moved from political to military, the esteemed employment changed in connection with the esteemed focal point of instruction. The job of the speaker decreased as the job of the warrior expanded. In the Greco-Roman occasions training as an organization was outfitted to those with time and cash, hence few had the option to share. Plainly if just a little level of the masses, in any culture or timespan, approaches data, the effect of that data on society and people in the future, in general, will be restricted. The medieval instruction frameworks' foundations have affected Education equivalently to those of the Greco-Roman period; which isn't stating a lot. This is expected, by and by, to the terribly exagerated social station framework that existed during this period. The colossal larger part of the populace lacked the capacity to deal with instruction their lives were devoured by a steady battle to endure. With all riches focused on the moment land possessing people just as the Church, training for most was the going down of an exchange from age to age just as fundamental relational abilities. The main â€Å"institutions† were those that were set up by, or so as to advance, the benefit of the Church. Area, devout, chantry, and basilica schools were the degree of medieval training. With each of the four of these kinds of schools adding to one basic it is anything but difficult to see that the impact of instruction was restricted. In spite of the fact that the thoughts educated during the medieval period were, generally, repeated convention filled by strict disseminators, features, for example, studium generale and universitas planted seeds for future development. By and by, in any case, because of the restrictiveness of instructive open doors focused on those with status, influence and, cash, the effect on Education that the medieval times had was constrained. As opposed to its isolated educational plan of the Greco-Roman period and its imposing business model by the congregation during the medieval period, training during the renaissance became â€Å"enlightened. † As religion was raised doubt about, and the working class started creating, the instructive stagnation of the medieval times additionally developed.

Guided Imagery for Anxiety Relief

Guided Imagery for Anxiety Relief Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Simple Steps to Start Practicing Guided Imagery for Anxiety Relief By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on September 30, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Kenji Lau / Getty Images Guided imagery for social anxiety involves the use of visualization techniques to help your body enter a relaxed state. In other words, you close your eyes and imagine the sights and sounds of a place that you find relaxing. Types of Guided Imagery Visualizations The most common visualization involves a tropical beach, warm sun, and soothing sounds of the ocean. If you find, however, that some other imagined scene is more appropriate for you, such as sitting in front of a roaring fire on a blustery night, by all means, make use of that setting. The type of scene is not important, what matters is that you imagine every sight, sound, and smell and transport yourself to that place. How Guided Imagery Can Help Social Anxiety Guided imagery can help with your anxiety by allowing you to manage negative emotions. In addition to the examples given above, it can also be used to visualize positive outcomes in various social and performance situations. Rather than imaging the worst, guided imagery gives you a chance to experience the best possible outcome before entering a situation. Examples of How Imagery Can Be Used for Anxiety A musician who has performance anxiety could use imagery to imagine overcoming anxiety to perform at a certain level.An athlete living with performance anxiety could visualize a competition and feelings of relaxation rather than anxiety.An actor with performance anxiety could visualize running through a scene full of confidence and without anxiety.A student with performance anxiety could visualize giving a presentation without anxiety.A socially anxious person could imagine going to a party and having a good experience. Example of a Guided Imagery Visualization In the following example of guided imagery for anxiety, the popular beach setting is used. If you choose to use a different setting, simply replace the details listed below with those relevant to the scenario you are using. Important: If you live with a medical condition, please consult with your doctor prior to beginning any type of relaxation training exercise. 1. Find a Quiet Place Free From Distractions Lie on the floor or recline in a chair. Loosen any tight clothing and remove glasses or contacts. Rest your hands in your lap or on the arms of the chair. Choose a time and place where you know you are not likely to be interrupted. 2. Take a Few Slow Even Breaths If you have not already, spend a few minutes practicing diaphragmatic breathing. Breathe deeply down into your diaphragm, similar to how you would do in a yoga class. This type of breathing will help you to relax even further. 3. When You Are Feeling Relaxed, Gently Close Your Eyes Picture yourself lying on a beautiful secluded beach. Picture soft white sand around you and crystal-clear waters with gentle waves that lap at the shore. Picture a cloudless sky above and palm trees swaying in the breeze behind you. Continue to keep your eyes closed and picture this beautiful tropical scene. 4. Breathe in and Smell the Scent of the Ocean and Tropical Flowers Notice the sound of the waves gently rolling onto shore and birds in the trees behind you. Feel the warm sand underneath you and the warm sun on your skin. Notice the taste of a refreshing tropical drink as you bring it to your mouth. Dont just picture the sceneâ€"touch it, taste it, and smell it as much as your imagination will allow. 5. Stay in This Scene for as Long as You Like Notice how relaxed and calm you feel. Enjoy the feeling of relaxation as it spreads throughout your entire body, from your head to your toes. Notice how far away you feel from anxiety and stress. Continue in this stage of the guided imagery process for as long as you like. You should gradually notice how calm and relaxed you feel. 6. When You Are Ready, Slowly Count Backward From 10 Open your eyes, feeling relaxed but alert. You have returned to your surroundings, but a calm state will have replaced any anxiety or worry that you originally felt. Now, work on translating this calmness into the rest of your day. Using Guided Imagery Recordings You might find it hard to practice guided imagery just using a written script like the one above. In addition to following these written instructions, you may consider using a voice recording, such as the free MP3 audio file offered by McMaster University with directions on practicing guided imagery. Use of an audio recording will allow you to fully relax and concentrate on the technique. You could also record yourself reading a guided imagery script that youve created yourself. A Word From Verywell Guided imagery is one form of relaxation training that you might find helpful for social anxiety. However, if your anxiety is severe and you have not received professional treatment such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication, it is important to contact your doctor or a mental health professional for diagnosis and a plan for getting better. While self-help methods can be used for mild to moderate anxiety, more severe anxiety often requires traditional treatment strategies. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Diseases Associated With Poverty Malaria - 1223 Words

Yujin Sung Barrett AP World History 24 March 2017 KC 6.1.3: Disease, scientific innovations, and conflict led to demographic shifts. Diseases associated with poverty: Malaria Malaria or other similar diseases like malaria has been recognized and encountered by humans for more than 4,000 years. Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium parasites, which enter the human body and are transmitted to people through the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite (QA, Malaria). Once the parasite enters the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. The malaria parasite was first discovered on November 6, 1880, by a French army surgeon named Charles Louis Al phonse Laveran. While stationed in†¦show more content†¦Also, human population movement from higher transmission areas jeopardizes reintroduction and resurgence in malaria-free regions, and in addition has undermined elimination works in the past. For that reason, it is important to understand the patterns of parasite dispersal in order to target control by pinpointing regions where the imported infections originate from and where they play a part in transmiss ion. Globalization aided in impacting human health by population mobility. The source of epidemics throughout history can be traced back to human migration (Saker). The effects of these epidemics have changed whole societies. International efforts to prevent the spreading of infections from one country to another have been focused on. Early diseases that spread between Asia and Europe included the bubonic plague, influenzas of various types, and other similar contagious diseases. The world is more interdependent and connected than ever in the era of globalization. This is because inexpensive and efficient transportation allows access to almost everywhere and the increase of global trade of agricultural products brought an increasing number of people into contact with animal disease. Trade routes had long been established between Europe and Asia along which diseases were unintentionally transmitted. The management of malaria is a global role (Carter). Global institutions support theShow Mo reRelatedWhat Lies Within1401 Words   |  6 PagesMalaria According to the ONE CAMPAIGN approximately 219 people live in the world with malaria and 90% of those who died from malaria are from sub-Saharan Africa. There are many important risk factors that are highly associated with malaria. 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Malaria is a disease that kills millions of people in tropical areas where malaria carrying mosquitoes swarm in the jungle (Friedlander). Malaria is caused by tiny living things called Protozoans. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the protozoans enter the person’s blood. They live inside red blood cells as paras ites. They take everything they need to live from the cells, whichRead MoreGlobal Warming Has A Effect On The Size Of The Vector Population912 Words   |  4 Pages 2.2 Vector-borne infections Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies and blackflies.14 The largest health impact from global warming worldwide would occur from vector-borne infectious diseases because arthropod vectors are cold-blooded and thus, are very sensitive to climatic factors.4,14 Therefore, vectors and pathogens are predominantly affected by high temperature, as weather affects their survival and reproductionRead MoreMillennium Development Goals : The Millennium Goals1518 Words   |  7 Pagesworld to combat literacy, hunger, environmental degradation, disease, and discrimination against women. Having specific targets and indicators, the MDGs are acquired from this Declaration. The eight goals are, to eradicate hunger and extreme poverty, achieve universal primary education, empower women and promote gender equality, lessen the deaths in children, improve the health of mothers, combat diseases for example HIV/AIDS and malaria, to make sure there is environmental sustainability, and haveRead MoreHealth Of Health And Global Health1460 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of poverty is being extremely poor, not having the sufficient funds. Poverty can have a negative effect on a person health because they do not have the sufficient funds for healthcare. A person living in poverty does not have the resources available; this can diminish the health of the individuals. Over billions of people in the developing world do not have the access to safe water and proper food supplies needed for the health of the individual. Many people living in poverty are not ableRead MoreModule 5 Critical Thinking : The Bamako Initiative921 Words   |  4 Pages(World Bank n.d). With approximately 50% (World Bank, n.d.) of the population living outside the urban cities, Nigerians experience barriers to accessing health care in the remote rural areas. Furthermore, the high percentage of Nigerians living in poverty, 70% ( NationMaster, 2015), provides for financial problems for the majority of the individuals. Because health care was not afforded to all, the Bamako Initiative was seen as a way to provide the much needed care to all Nigerians. Nigeria, atRead MoreLocal Water Management1148 Words   |  5 PagesMach, O, Lu L., Creek, T., Bowen, A., Arvelo, W., Smith, M., Massunge, J., Brennan, M, and Handzel, T (2009) Population-based study of a wide spread outbreak of diarrhoea associated with increased mortality and malnutrition in Botswana. Gaborone Botswana. Am JTrop Med Hyg. 80 (5): 812-818. Madulu, N, F, (2005) Environment, Poverty and Health linkages in the Wami Basin; A Search for Sustainable Water Resource Management. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 30; 950-960. Mafuta, C., Formo, R. K., NellemannRead MoreMillennium Development Goals (Mdg)688 Words   |  3 Pagesspecific goals, most of which were to be achieved by 2015. What subsequently came to be known as the MDGs are - 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education. 3. Promote gender equality and empower woman. 4. Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. 8. Develop a global partnership for development. MDG and Bangladesh: BangladeshRead MoreRunning Head: Malaria In African Children. . . . Malaria1746 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: MALARIA IN AFRICAN CHILDREN Malaria in African Children: It only take a bite Reginah Wanjiku Virginia College Montgomery – Nursing Malaria claims more lives than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis. Over 200 million cases worldwide are reported each year. According to the World Health Organization Research, Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the parasite plasmodium (WHO, 2011). It is a life-threatening disease transmitted through

The Top Secret Truth on Writing for College Uncovered

The Top Secret Truth on Writing for College Uncovered The Benefits of Writing for College Aside from freshmen, there are particular college essays which will pose lots of problem for students. Also, it's worthy to bear in mind that in college, most students pick up part-time jobs while some get involved in collegiate sports and other extracurricular pursuits. Among the things you are soon going to notice as a new college student is the way much you've got to write. Deficiency of resources A typical college student doesn't have the necessary academic resources required to compose an essay. Internships will be able to help you affirm your writing skill level or demonstrate where you require improvement, Reynolds explained. Students don't teach their very first calendar year, which enables them to put all that energy into writing. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. They can do the same thing, but it's a long process. Nowadays you know which factors reflect the attribute of your college paper. Reread your paper's principal point and support paragraphs to determine whether any extra facts are required to help your paper. There are a couple of points, which can help you to recognize a business to keep away from. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Several new businesses and writing websites show up on the internet offering their assistance. Your web designer can create buttons, but you are going to want to allow them to understand what you want to have that button to say. Our site provides custom writing help and editing aid. Our site is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. The biggest struggle students have a tendency to have is paying the out-of-pocket costs which aren't covered by financial aid. Whether you wish to begin your own freelance blog or invention business, you can't deny that social media is a central tool in promoting your business enterprise. If you prefer the topic of your research, the procedure for writing will go significantly simpler. The very first step to solving a challenge is to get other people to listen. Essays must not be overly long. Poetry courses require a minimum of five poems to be considered, whilst fiction courses require a minumum of one short story. In order to create phrases that are punctuated correctly, the author should stick to a few easy guidelines. The same is true for top essay writers. Producing the essay is simply the exact first component. Editing is a rather important portion of the writing process. Writing an incredible college admission essay is simpler than you believe! College paper is a sort of academic assignment where you must prepare a synopsis of a particular subject, analyze a selected topic and consistently express your ideas and arguments. When you are in possession of a particular topic to research, speak to the librarian or research assistant to learn about scholarly journals or books he or she recommends on the matter. All students are entitled to submit essays. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. By consciously selecting a way to approach your reading, you can start the very first step of exam preparation or essay writing. Writing an outline can help you to identify supporting points or flesh out your ideas, will enable you to organize your thoughts, and will allow you to recognize early in the writing process should you need to make significant modifications or do more research on a certain idea. A small planning in the beginning ca n let you organize your paragraphs appropriately to be able to accomplish the overall function of the paper.

Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory Free Essays

string(209) " Mentoring and Storytelling to transfer knowledge in the Workplace† explains that the knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred informally through processes of colonization and naturalization\." The storytelling approach towards the knowledge sharing is explored in detail. The story telling can be used to elicit tacit knowledge and can be used to flow the knowledge about previous events in the organization and any other work related knowledge in an interesting and effective manner. Since emotions are attached to the stories, they narrate the much value to the listeners and the listeners tend to keep what they have heard. We will write a custom essay sample on Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this sense, organization memory is created by the anecdotes of the stories being told. The lessons learnt from the past experiences are label to the employees working now. It is also studied the negative stories have much impact on the listeners. The story telling has the potential to capture tacit knowledge and how it is done in the context of IBM is explained. Moreover, the story telling in the organizations can be enhanced by the use of IT tools like intranet, emails and other knowledge management systems which helps employees to create platform to share their stories and communicate the values of the organization. This values and the knowledge base of the organization helps to form the organization memory. Table of Contents Introduction Storytelling is one of the approaches towards knowledge capture and codification, the first phase of KM cycle. This is used to elicit tacit knowledge, towards creation of new knowledge and to organize the content in systematic manner. In knowledge capture phase, the distinction between the capture of existing knowledge and the creation of new knowledge has to be made. Mostly, only existing knowledge is set into the pattern, which only forms the explicit knowledge. There is huge pool of knowledge, which needs to be captured towards generating the new knowledge and that knowledge is mostly tacit in nature, which resides within the heads of knower. Every organization also has a memory. The embodiment of the organizational memory is the experience of its employees, tangible data and knowledge stores in the organization (Walsh and Unison, 1991). The value of knowledge is increased when it is transferred otherwise the uncultured knowledge is devalued and ignored with time. In today’s fast-paced economy, an organization’s knowledge base is quickly becoming its only sustainable competitive advantage. This competitive advantage is owned by utilizing the organizational knowledge, the individual skills, thoughts and ideas. So Tacit knowledge management is must to capture the experience and expertise of the individual in an organization and making it available to anyone who needs it. Once the tacit knowledge becomes explicit, it needs to be organized in a structured document that will enable multipurpose use. The KM tools help to create knowledge and then leverage it across multiple channels, including phone, email, discussion forums, Internet and any new channel that come online. Story telling is one of the best KM tools to capture tacit knowledge. Organizational story can be defined as past management actions, employee interactions or other key events that have occurred and that have been communicated informally (Swap et al, 2001). The stories provide a rich context making it interesting for the listeners and also remains in the conscious memory longer. Stories reinforce organizational learning and communicate common values. The core capabilities of an organization are built by critical skills of employees, management systems and organizational values. This capability can be transferred in formal and explicit way. However much knowledge articulacy knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred internally through processes of colonization and initialization. Story telling is one such transfer mechanisms that can leverage the tacit knowledge of the organization. Literature Review The use of the stories and storytelling may provide a powerful practice as a part of efforts by individuals, groups or organizations to share what they know. It breaks away from the traditional means of communication and adds new dimension to the knowledge management tools. Deeding, in his article â€Å"Telling Tales† tries to convey hat the age-old practice of storytelling is an effective method to be used as knowledge management tools but the stories told should match the situation and conditions in the organization. Storyteller as a leader should influence the listeners and the story should have enough detail to be intelligible and credible. Different narrative patterns like Sparking Action, Communicating who you are, Transmitting value, Fostering collaboration and Taming the grapevine can be used. Snowman’s article titled â€Å"The new simplicity-context, Narrative and Content† focuses on the need f knowledge management to go beyond the boundaries of using best practices into the realms of uncertainty. Since both the human behavior and system are complex, the cause and effect of the system and the interacting agents can’t be separated; the contextual stimulation is needed to capture the knowledge. The decision making pattern is important. Narrative is emerging as one of the most exciting approaches to knowledge management. It involves going and finding a person to ask questions whenever faced with the new task or encounter a problem and get context-sensitive answers. In short, stories allow the communication of complex ideas in a simple, memorable form. Karakul Shaffer B Kali in his research on â€Å"Transfer knowledge Using Stories: A Malaysian University Case Study † attempts to explore the usage of knowledge-embedded stories in a Malaysian institute of higher learning and will consider the understanding of organization members concerning storytelling in the organization. It provides insights on the culture of storytelling as a method of knowledge transfer medium and explores the practicality of using stories in the organization and the employee’s perception of the usage of stories to transfer knowledge. This case reveals that story telling is regarded as an acceptable approach in knowledge transfer. Mostly gathering sessions in the university stimulated storytelling. The case also presented the factors that influence the KM storytelling. The factors are an extension of the existing knowledge transfer factors mentioned in literatures, which do influence KM storytelling. Walter Swap, Dorothy Leonard, Mimi Shields and Lisa Abram in their research â€Å"Using Mentoring and Storytelling to transfer knowledge in the Workplace† explains that the knowledge with rich tacit dimensions is transferred informally through processes of colonization and naturalization. You read "Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory" in category "Papers" They have focuses on two transfer mechanisms mentoring and storytelling. Most stories told informally in organizations are negative. Therefore managers interested in how knowledge accrues in the organization cannot ignore these important transmitters. Stories that dramatist or illustrate managerial systems, values, norms are more likely to be believed and acted upon than mere statements of policies and norms. Finally, the use of information technologies can enhance the story telling. The effect of verbal storytelling can be enhanced through the use of multimedia. Consistent with the elaboration effect, seeing and hearing the storyteller can add weight and detail to the story as can visual about the environment in which the story occurred. Story-telling-a technique to capture tacit knowledge In KM, the knowledge capture and creation may be done by the individuals who work for the organization or a group within that organization, by all members of a community of practice (COP), or by a dedicated COP individual. So the creation, capture and the codification of the information is done at the personal level while performing activities at Job. Within the firm, individuals share perceptions and Jointly interpret information events and experiences (Cohen and Leviathan, 1990) and at some point, knowledge acquisition extends beyond the individuals and is coded into corporate memory (Napkin, 1995; Spencer, 1996; Monika and Takeouts, 1995). Unless knowledge is embedded into corporate memory, the firm cannot leverage the knowledge held by individual members of the organization. Knowledge acquisition from individuals or groups can be characterized as the transfer and transformation of valuable expertise from a knowledge source (human expert, documents) to a knowledge repository (organizational memory, facts and rules). Explicit knowledge is already well described but we need to abstract and summarize this content. Tacit knowledge capturing needs various techniques of which story telling is the one. Stories involve the detailed narrative of management actions and decision-making styles, employee activities and interaction and other events within the division that are communicated informally within the organization. A story can be defined as telling of a happening or a connected series of happenings whether true or fictitious (Deeding, 2001). This involved the group interaction and collaboration for story telling. The SEC’ model developed by Knock and Takeouts also supports that story telling or narratives can be used to bring out tacit knowledge. Fig 1 :SEC Model by Monika and Takeouts Here, colonization process is involve which emphasizes the tacit knowledge exchange through Joint activities such as gathering, spending time together, informal talks and living and working in the same environment rather than through written or verbal instructions. The process of transferring one’s ideas or images directly to colleagues or subordinates means to share personal knowledge and create commonplace or Baa. During extrapolation process, an individual commits to the group and thus becomes one with the group. The individuals’ intentions and ideas merge and become integrated with the group’s mental world. This involves the expressing of ideas or images as communicable manner such as metaphors, analogies, event description or narratives. A number of conditions must be in place, however, in order to ensure that storytelling in its various enacted forms creates value in a particular organization. Sole and Wilson (2002) argue that although all stories are narratives, not all narratives are good knowledge-sharing stories. As an example, they cite movies, which tell stories designed primarily to entertain and therefore need not necessarily be authentic-?or even believable. In contrast, in organizational storytelling, stories are often used to promote knowledge sharing, inform, and/or prompt a change in behavior, as well as communicate the organizational culture and create a sense of belonging. In order to achieve these organizational objectives, knowledge-sharing stories need to be authentic, believable, and compelling. Stories need to evoke some type of response, and, above all, they need to be concise Deeding, 2001), so that the moral of the story or the organizational lesson to be learned can be easily understood, remembered, and acted upon. In other words, organizational stories should have an impact: they should prevent similar mistakes from being repeated, or they should promote organizational learning and adoption of best practices stemming from the collective organizational memory. Deeding (2001) describes the power of a springboard story, knowledge that has been captured in the form of a brief story that has the ability to create a strong impact on its audience. He outlines a number of key elements required to use stories to encapsulate valuable knowledge, such as: The explicit story should be relatively brief and detailed Just enough that the audience can understand it. The story must be intelligible to the specific audience so that they are â€Å"hooked. The story should be inherently interesting. The story should spring the listener to a new level of understanding. The story should have a happy ending. The story should embody the change message. The change message should be implicit. The listeners should be encouraged to identify with the protagonist. The story should ell with a specific individual or organization. The protagonist should be prototypical of the organization’s main business. Other things being equal, true is better than invented. One should test, test, and test again Story telling and KM processes involved in context of MM. IBM has leverage on the power of story telling at the daily work place to enhance the employees’ performance. IBM has a four-stage storytelling approach. 1 . Anecdotal elicitation through interviews, observation and story circles 2. Anecdotal deconstruction to analyses cultural issues, ways of working, values, rules and beliefs to lied the story’s key messages 3. Intervention / communication design with a story constructed or enhanced 4. Story deployment Story telling workshops can be run to elicit the knowledge and cultural values of an organization as well as both its best and inhibitors to sharing and identifies business issues. Values, rules and beliefs of organization were identified. Storytelling provides the platform to the employees to share experiences and build social capital and networks and most importantly it achieves agreement among the participants The knowledge management framework developed by Olivia and Lieder (2001 a) is based n the view of organizations as â€Å"knowledge systems†. According to this view, organization consists of four knowledge processes Creation Storage / Retrieval Transfer Application Here in case of MM, knowledge creation process takes place by the creation of anecdotes, which are captured as tacit knowledge, and they are stored in a repository and aligned with communities, processes and subject areas. This shows the knowledge storage process. Then the knowledge transfer takes place through support discussion forums (lunch and learn), databases, intellectual capital, management systems (training), document management systems, bulletin boards, inline chats, portals (community kick-off days) and intranets. Ultimately, the people who make communities do the knowledge application process. The effective communities have valuable stories. Practice of dedicated Story Telling Sessions The practice of dedicated story telling sessions in some organizations have proved the increased level of knowledge exchange among employees. For example, NASA, Deducted and Malaysian university have Km initiative in form of story telling sessions. The ITEMS (Information Services and Media Services) Department has its own storytelling sessions. There are two storytelling session ITEMS Sharing Session- It involves the staffs from whole ITEMS department and it is conducted once a week to share the stories on the problems encountered and the solutions. Toolbox Session-alt only involves the units in ITEMS department. It gathers the support unit employees to share their stories on the problems raised. They have one program to stimulate KM storytelling called Buddy program. In Buddy program, two employees from different department are paired together to work as a single department. Junior staff is paired with senior academic acting as mentor. Conclusion Stories are powerful conveyors of meaning and tacit knowledge and been in use from ancient times. It helps to share knowledge with context and emotion. It triggers the listeners to respond with other stories building new understanding. Stories can capture and hold the attention increasing the likelihood of hearing and listening. Story telling is very valuable in story telling network. Any organization has a set of its memories embedded from the time of its inception. These memories are the skills and knowledge of its employees while in an organization over the years of operation. So, the organizational memory has its role on forming the knowledge base of the organization. Employees can use the organization memory to learn and improve the effectiveness of their work. Employee’s knowledge can be stored and then information and knowledge can be shared by KM. Organizational memory is one of intangible assets of one organization; it stores past experiences and knowledge, supports organization strategy and improves organization effectiveness. Accordingly, it is important to establishment and development of organizational memory for KM. Organizational culture can be stored by story, and it is one of retention facilities of organizational memory. The idea, spirit, and culture of organizations can be passed down by storytelling. Through storytelling, organization members emotionally connect to their organization and then identify their organization. Storytelling can store organizational culture, convey experience and knowledge, and improve acquisition, retention, and maintenance of process of organizational memory management. Organization value and spirit can be conveyed effectively by storytelling. How to cite Storytelling and its contribution to organizational theory, Papers

SansCulotte Essays - French Revolution, Clothing, Albert Soboul

SansCulotte "Power within the Paris sections of 1792-94 - its social composition, dynamics, and ideology -."(1) That is what was explored in the book The Sans-Culotte. Albert Soboul describes and outlines the composition and activities of the different sections in Paris during Revolutionary France. Soboul describes the activities of these sections as a "popular movement" by the people of Paris. He explains how the people of Paris united to form different sectional assemblies with their main goal being to improve the lives of the middle and lower class individuals in not only Paris, but France in its entirety. In The Sans-Culottes, Soboul explains in great detail the different ways these sections influenced law making and tried to gain equal rights for all. In addition to describing the political activity of the sans-culottes and the other sections, Soboul also explains some of the military activities and movements of these sections during the revolution. Soboul's book has always been thought as the main authority on the sections in Paris, but in the early 1980's, a critique was written on The Sans-Culottes and many things were found to be wrong with the book. In the critical evaluation of Albert Soboul's The Sans-Culottes a full critique of the book takes place and many problems with the book are pointed out. The problems or shortcomings discussed in the critical evaluation range from a lack of description of the sans-culottes and other sections in Paris and errors in explaining what type of people constituted the membership of the sections, to a lack in a wide range of quality sources. The two problems in The Sans-Culottes that will be discussed in this essay are the lack of quality sources and the lack of description of the sections and who constituted them. The lack of description of the sections in Paris is a major blemish with the book. The critique points out that Soboul lumps all of the sections of Paris together when describing them. He fails to separate them into exactly what they are: sections. It is true that there were movements made to try and unite all the sections, but this never becomes a reality so distinction between sections should be shown. Soboul makes no distinctions "between ?quartiers' and sections," and "between socio-economic geographies and local politics."(2) "Soboul's history of the sections from June, 1793 to sid-July, 1794 described them horizontally, en masse...."(3) This lumping together of the sections leads one to the false conclusion that sections were all one entity, but they were not; they were very much seperate. Soboul also leads the reader to incorrect conclusions by calling the sections and sans-culottes a "popular movement." He frequently makes this statement. Soboul describes many changes in the policy of the sections that allow the lower class to join the assemblies. A quote used by Soboul by Hanriot states, "?For a long time, the rich made the laws, it is about time the poor made some laws themselves and that equality should reign between the rich and the poor.'"(4) This leads the reader to believe that everyone was involved actively in the sections and that anyone could become leaders of a sectional assembly, but this was not the case. The lower class, or plebeians, did very little except for what the leaders let them or told them to do. As written in the critique: "Their [plebeians] pressures were selectively channeled into politics by the ?sans-culotte' leadership.... During the ?regeneration' battles of the spring and summer of 1793 by which ?sans-culottes' won official sectionary power, plebeians appeared forcefully in the general assemblies - not as atomistic individual voters, but as groups of workers mobilized by their ?sans-culotte' employers for temporary muscle when ballots were to be cast by fists and feet."(5) This quote shows that the lower class, or plebeians, were merely ponds for the sans-culottes. They were permitted to vote when the leaders felt the votes cast by the plebeians were necessary to achieve victory. The view one gets from the critique is totally contradictory to that of Soboul's book. The generalization Soboul used when describing the members of the sections can also lead to confusion on the readers part. Soboul repeatedly describes members as being part of a certain